23.06.2020
Vom Prozess gedacht – Entwicklungspartnerschaft von Maschinen- und Werkzeughersteller
Bei der zerspanenden Herstellung von Bauteilen stehen Taktzeiten und Werkzeugkosten umso mehr im Vordergrund, je größer die zu bearbeitenden Serien sind. Bei großen Stückzahlen, wie sie beispielsweise im Automobilsektor üblich sind, müssen deshalb die Eigenschaften sowohl der Werkzeugmaschine als auch der Werkzeuge optimal aufeinander und auf den jeweiligen Fertigungsprozess abgestimmt sein.
“We have a unique approach when we receive customer inquiries,” says Meinolf Wolke, Sales Team Leader at ELHA-MASCHINENBAU Liemke KG (ELHA) in Hövelhof. The medium-sized, owner-managed special machine construction company places the workpiece and its machining at the centre of development and devises an optimal solution perfectly designed for the process sequence. “In doing so, we take all the technical and economic requirements into account,” clarifies Wolke further. Only then do those responsible decide whether an existing machining concept can be used for the process or whether an individual, application-specific construction is required. Meinolf Wolke explains: “As well as providing the machine, we offer services that stretch from process development and the construction of fixtures all the way through to complete, ready-to-operate solutions with automation and production support.”
Special tools for low total costs
“The machining tasks are often as unique as the parts themselves – including in terms of the workpiece materials,” adds Alexander Wiesner, Technical Advisor at MAPAL. “Of course, a lot of machining work on complex parts can be achieved with standard tools. But that often comes with significant drawbacks in terms of cycle times, quality, and cost-effectiveness, particularly when large quantities are being produced.” In these cases, special tools that are precisely calibrated by MAPAL for the machining task in question are preferred.
“During the tool design phase, it’s essential to determine the necessary parameters for the machining process,” says Wiesner, “particularly in the case of challenging geometries.” In order to design the process in the best possible way, MAPAL often makes prototype tools. These are then used to carry out extensive tests with the part to be machined. “That, in turn, helps the equipment manufacturers design the machine with the values identified during testing,” continues Wiesner. He says that MAPAL has had a long-standing partnership with ELHA in this area. The following three examples demonstrate the resulting benefits to customers:
Solid drills for the machining of suspension arms
“We were dissatisfied with the solution that we had been using for drilling from solid in aluminium when machining a suspension arm, which included creating a fitting,” remembers ELHA Project Leader Friedhelm Dresmann. At the time, the company was using tools with brazed PCD cutting edges. In order to keep the machining time as low as possible, these drills were being used with very high feed rates. The disadvantages of this solution were the high drive power required and the insufficient durability of the PCD cutting edges on the solid drill step. In search of a solution, those responsible at ELHA turned to MAPAL. Together, the employees of the machine manufacturer and the tool manufacturer worked to find a solution. What they came up with was a hybrid tool. The tip of the tool is equipped with three-bladed, CVD-diamond coated, ISO-indexable inserts for drilling from solid. The fitting is created using brazed PCD cutting edges on the second step of the tool.
MAPAL’s research engineers tested the new tool in their own R&D centre. The results were impressive. In addition to the lower costs of the indexable inserts overall, the positive blade geometry meant that less drive power was required. What’s more, the previous solution had often produced long metal chips – with the new tool, this was no longer an issue. The indexable inserts at the tip of the drill, which are under significant stress, can be quickly and easily flipped or replaced. As a result, the maintenance costs were also noticeably reduced. Altogether, the suspension arm manufacturers’ production costs for each drilled bore were reduced by over 50 percent.
Disc milling cutters for the machining of suspension arms
“We also worked with MAPAL to find an efficient solution for machining forged suspension arms,” explains ELHA Project Leader Marcel Thieschneider. “Our goal was to develop process-reliable tools while maintaining the required cycle times.” For the suspension arm, a yoke needed to be created from the solid material at the end of the arm. During the required four-spindle machining process, the long-chipping workpiece material demands very high drive power to the machine. In addition to this, the internal contour of the part features a number of angles and radii, making the expulsion of chips during milling difficult.
“In order to ensure short process times, we developed a disc milling cutter with ISO indexable inserts that enables roughing and finishing with minimum quantity lubrication in just one step,” recalls Alexander Wiesner. The indexable inserts are coated with CVD diamond. The precisely defined arrangement of the individual inserts limits the drive power required. After considering the comprehensive tests at MAPAL and the data that resulted from them, ELHA set its machine to operate at this drive power. A positive side effect of using the disc milling cutter was the reduction in cycle time, as only one cut is needed. On top of that, the tool only occupies one row of spindles, reducing the resulting tool costs for the end customer.
Deep hole drill for the machining of stainless steel forged components
“Our customer is a manufacturer of high-pressure fuel-supply distributors for petrol engines. This requires drilling deep bores in narrow, forged, stainless steel blanks,” says ELHA Project Leader Jörg Rodehutskors. The material is difficult to machine, and the bore is 300 mm deep. The drill needs to experience as little axial deviation as possible, otherwise wall of the part (which experiences high pressure) will fall below the required minimum thickness. Previously, the manufacturer machined these bores in a separate, single-spindle machine tool with a single-flute deep hole drill.
In order to optimise their processes, the customer asked ELHA to provide a solution in which the process described above, along with all other machining tasks, could be performed on a single production module using multiple spindles. The parts should leave the production module in ready-to-install condition.
ELHA enlisted MAPAL to assist with the bore process previously discussed. The tool manufacturer was asked to provide a drill that was able to carry out the machining more quickly – and with less deviation and less wear and tear. The MAPAL engineers developed a double-edged solid carbide drill designed to meet the requirements perfectly. With application parameters of Vc = 90 m/min and f = 0.5 mm, the new tool achieves a tool life of 80 metres – almost three times as long as the solution previously in use. Another special feature of the solution developed jointly by ELHA and MAPAL is that the workpieces in the clamping fixture rotate in the opposite direction to the drill during machining, which reduces the deviation of the bore even further. This leads to significant cycle time benefits for the customer, who manufactures up to five million of these parts every year. And on top of that, they now only need one machine to carry out all machining tasks.
Synergien durch Entwicklungspartnerschaft
„Diese drei Beispiele verdeutlichen die Vorteile unserer engen Zusammenarbeit mit MAPAL“, bilanziert Carina Becker vom Technischen Vertrieb bei ELHA, „unseren Konstrukteuren stehen zusätzliche Freiheitsgrade dank der Kooperation offen.“ Die Spezialisten für die Entwicklung von Hochleistungswerkzeugen von MAPAL sowie deren hervorragend ausgestattete F&E-Abteilung in Aalen gestatten es, schon während der Planungsphase neue Werkzeuglösungen entwickeln und intensiv testen zu lassen. Somit kann ELHA seinen Kunden noch ausgereiftere und wirtschaftlich vorteilhaftere Lösungen anbieten.
Die Fertigungsmodul-Philosophie
ELHA entwickelte die Fertigungsmodul-Baureihe vor allem für die spanabhebende Fertigung von Massenbauteilen (> 100.000 gleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile). Bei diesem Konzept werden nicht die Werkzeuge bewegt, sondern die Bauteile werden zu den jeweils in Reihen angeordneten Werkzeugen verfahren. Jede Werkzeugreihe verfügt über ein auf die Bearbeitungsaufgabe hin optimiertes Spann- und Antriebssystem. Die Werkstücke werden mitsamt der Spannvorrichtung von Werkzeugreihe zu Werkzeugreihe verfahren, wodurch kürzeste Span-zu-Span-Zeiten erreicht werden. Das modular aufgebaute System kann mit unterschiedlichen Mehrspindel-Modulen bestückt werden. Für noch mehr Flexibilität können Mehrspindel-Revolver eingesetzt werden, auf denen bis zu 128 direkt angetriebene Werkzeuge Platz finden.
Über die ELHA-MASCHINENBAU Liemke KG
ELHA-MASCHINENBAU ist ein familiengeführtes Unternehmen und stellt Werkzeugmaschinen für die spanabhebende Metallbearbeitung her. 1930 gegründet, ist das Unternehmen heute bekannt für maßgeschneiderte Bearbeitungszentren, Sondermaschinen und Fertigungsmodule.
