Optimisation in mould making

The predecessor company Ralf Grübel Werkzeugbau GmbH was a third-generation owner-managed company from Walterhausen in Thuringia, which Marco Schülken was able to take over as part of a regulated succession. By changing the company name to Schülken Form GmbH, the new owner made it clear that the new brand would also bring a breath of fresh air to this long-established die and mould making company.

In the past, Grübel supplied more than 90 percent of its products to the automotive industry. Marco Schülken has successfully abandoned this lopsided focus. The automotive share is currently less than 25 percent. Today, Schülken Form‘s main clients are companies in medical technology and packaging industries. In the medical sector, the Thuringians boast a strong position in the area of injection moulds for pipettes and blood lancets. Lancets are lancing aids for diabetics. However, now they are also being used for coronavirus tests.
 

„We achieve high production quantities for our customers in the shortest time possible, “ says Marco Schülken, explaining his company‘s expertise. With high-speed moulds that have up to 128 cavities, Schülken Form is at the very high end of die and mould making. This was also recognised with their selection as „Toolmaker of the Year“ in 2016, 2018 and 2020. Schülken has increased its export share to over 60 per cent in recent years. The company currently supplies Poland, Russia, Belarus and Switzerland. It is currently preparing to enter the markets in Singapore and Vietnam. In Russia, the Thuringians founded a subsidiary in 2016. 

In addition to the focus on new markets, Schülken Form also underwent extensive internal restructuring. “We’ve looked at almost every machine and every process in the company and have invested a lot in this”, the Managing Director reports. Manufacturing Manager Marcus Vogt was involved in this restructuring process from the very beginning, and he is constantly asking himself how the company’s performance can be further improved. While there are always new developments in wire eroding or die-sinking eroding, milling is the fastest-moving machining technology. “You have to be constantly searching for ways to change and improve things”, says Vogt.

The Grübel company had already realised the importance of good machines and used only Hermle machining centres for milling. However, this classic tool shop still operated more like a craftsman’s establishment. The employees created their programmes directly on the machines themselves. Vogt saw an urgent need for action here: “Before we tackled the milling tools, we revised the entire process chain. We set up programming workstations and switched the whole manufacturing process to a new system.”
 

The next step was to approach the actual technology with the key question of how the parts could best be machined. “The classic way in toolmaking is, after all, either pre-milling, hardening and subsequent grinding or die-sinking EDM”, says Vogt, describing the initial situation. In order to make production more flexible depending on the manu­facturing workload, Schülken has added hard milling. Although parts are still manufactured using the traditional method in Waltershausen, starting the milling process immediately after hardening no longer poses a problem, especially when things have to move quickly. “Today, we’ve reached the point where we can choose a lot of machining operations according to the workload of the individual departments,” Marcus Vogt enthuses.

This was not the end of the optimisation measures, though. When Schülken Form was looking for new milling tools for high-feed roughing, it was around the time that MAPAL began to enter the Die & Mould sector. Similar to Schülken, the precision tool manufacturer from Aalen had set itself the goal of reducing its dependence on the automotive industry by exploring other sectors.
 

Für die Zukunft habe MAPAL eine klare Ausrichtung auf Marktsegmente, erläutert Uwe Rein, Sales Director Die & Mould MAPAL. Neben dem angestammten Bereich Automotive nennt er vor allem die Segmente Aerospace, Werkzeug- und Formenbau sowie Allgemeiner Maschinenbau. „Im Werkzeug- und Formenbau gehen wir sehr selektiv und strukturiert vor“, sagt Rein. Drei Jahre lang habe man auf den Markteintritt im September 2020 hingearbeitet und ein Sortiment speziell für dieses Segment entwickelt. Präsentiert wurde schließlich ein eigener Katalog mit rund 6.500 Artikeln. 

Verglichen mit der Automobilindustrie, wo MAPAL seit vielen Jahren vor allem mit maßgeschneiderten Sonderwerkzeugen für große Stückzahlen sehr erfolgreich ist, scheinen die Anforderungen im Werkzeug- und Formenbau zunächst ganz andere zu sein. Hier geht es immer um Einzelstücke oder kleine Lose, die tunlichst mit Standardwerkzeugen bearbeitet werden sollen, damit die Betriebe damit verschiedenste Aufträge abarbeiten können. Doch hat auch im klassischen Werkzeugbau ein Wandel eingesetzt, der bei Schülken Form bereits deutlich zu erkennen ist. 

„Der Weg geht hin zum Industriewerkzeugbau“, bringt es Marcus Vogt auf den Punkt. „Früher hat man nur darauf geachtet, dass ein anständiges Teil rauskommt, heute müssen wir auch auf die Zeiten schauen.“ Digitalisierung und Automatisierung ziehen auch in den Werkzeug- und Formenbau ein. Vogt plant vorab die Herstellung aller Bauteile für jede Abteilung mit einer bestimmten Zeit ein. Dabei geht es nicht um Sekunden, aber immerhin um Minuten. Um die vorgegebenen Zeiten zu erreichen, wird Prozesssicherheit immer wichtiger.

Dabei werden die zu bearbeitenden Materialien zunehmend anspruchsvoller. Üblich sind heute Edelstähle mit einem Chromanteil von 13 Prozent, was für einen erhöhten Werkzeugverschleiß sorgt. Auch die Zähigkeit neuer pulvermetallurgischer Stähle ist eine Herausforderung. Dabei sind Maßhaltigkeit und Oberflächengüte wichtige Aspekte.
 

The bar was already high when Schülken tested the OptiMill-3D-HF-Hardened, the first MAPAL tool. Due to its special lens head geometry, this high-feed milling cutter made from solid carbide is suitable not just for roughing, but also for high-gloss finishing of planes in hardness up to 68 HRC. This matched Marcus Vogt’s requirements: “We don’t want a special tool for a special machining operation. I always choose tools that allow me to tackle several areas. These are exactly the kind of solid carbide tools that allow me to do both hard and soft roughing.”

The results achieved with the solid carbide high-feed milling cutter were immediately impressive, resulting in this roughing tool with its higher performance being included in Schülken’s standardised tool list instead of the previously used tool from another manufacturer. The Manufacturing Manager limits his tool set to 300 different types and claims to be able to meet all requirements with it – even though no two parts are the same. “From now on, we don’t use any other tool than MAPAL’s milling cutter for the corresponding applications,” says Vogt.

This also applies to the next tool Schülken subjected to a comparative test: the finishing milling cutter OptiMill-Har­dened-Finish, which can finish up to 68 HRC surfaces with a 3xD ap material removal rate in one cut. Vogt describes how enthusiastic the machine operators are: “When it comes to finishing hardened high-alloy tool steel 1.2083, the milling cutter impressed greatly with superior surfaces and a long tool life. Among other things, small pockets are milled to fit with this tool.” After the two solid carbide milling cutters, Schülken is currently testing a high-feed milling cutter with indexable inserts: MAPAL’s NeoMill-4-HiFeed-90, whose positive cutting edges produce a soft cut.
 

In close cooperation with MAPAL, Schülken is also venturing into areas that were previously considered extremely problematic, e.g. deep hole drilling in hardened steel with cross bores. With this, the company from Thuringia is crossing the final frontier to produce a completely hardened mould insert. Thanks to several saved machining steps, Schülken has now halved the machining time for these mould inserts to two weeks. The drill is a good example of MAPAL’s customer-oriented tool development.

With a diameter of 8 mm, it achieves depths of 20xD and has some special features. It has a specially shaped chip flute that supports the drill against twisting and makes the tool very stable. The flute gives the chip a very unique shape, which aids in chip removal. The pyramid tip provides significant support for the spot drilling behaviour after the cross bores have been broken through. The tool supports itself in the bore using four guiding chamfers and takes over the guidance when the tip is in a cross bore. The only downside is that this drill is currently still a custom tool. Nevertheless, if there is sufficient demand, MAPAL is considering including it in its standard range.

Schülken demands performance in more than just machi­ning, as Vogt explains: “When it comes to selecting tool suppliers, we want the tools to be available immediately, and that if a problem ever arises, I want to have a contact person who knows what they’re talking about.” This contact person is Product Specialist Felix Wendler, who is responsible for the Die & Mould sector and is based at the MAPAL site in Meiningen. He considers it important to be on site with the customer, especially when testing new tools: “I like to hear how the tool sounds during machining. One can deduce a lot from that. When I see and feel surfaces, I can tell what needs to be changed to make it work better.”

MAPAL’s logistics concept ensures that the standard tools are quickly replenished. Of around 6,500 items that are in the catalogue for the Die & Mould sector, the majority are available within 24 hours. Somewhat more specialised dimensions can be delivered within five days. This is very convenient for Schülken Form, which has less and less time to produce its complex injection moulds.